DANIEL ROSENTHAL PHOTOGRAPHER

South Sudan, Upper Nile state, Malakal, 29.05.2014, (c) DANIEL ROSENTHAL Conflict and humanitarian crisis in South Sudan. UNMISS peacekeepers patrol the Malakal airfield. The clashes erupted when rebel forces attacked Malakal on 17/18th of Feb and forced the population (170.000) to flee the key town in the oil rich Upper Nile state (some 550 km north of capital Juba). Hundreds were massacred,large parts of the city destroyed and looted. Since then the town changed hands six times between rebel and government forces. About 25.000 people managed to flee to the UNMISS compound were they found shelter. At the moment about 18.000 people live on the UNMISS compound in often unacceptable conditions. Lately the UN with the help of NGOs started to relocate those people most severly affected by up to knee deep water in highly congested areas of the camp to a newly constructed area of the camp. || Intense fighting broke out on 15th of December 2013 between soldiers loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to his former vice president, Riek Machar. The conflict soon took on an ethnic dimension, pitting South Sudan’s two largest groups, the Dinka and the Nuer, against each other. Mr. Kiir is a Dinka, while Mr. Machar is a Nuer. Fighting has killed thousands of people and driven more than 1.3 million from their homes. South Sudan can only avoid famine (up to 7 million endangered) if a shaky ceasefire holds and people displaced by more than five months of fighting are able to return home in the next few weeks to plant crops before the heavy rains set in.

South Sudan, Upper Nile state, Malakal, 01.06.2014, (c) DANIEL ROSENTHAL Conflict and humanitarian crisis in South Sudan. Geben, a young girl is treated against severe malnutrition and skin infection a the MSF (Medecins sans frontiers) clinic at the UNMISS base. The death toll amongst children under 5 years is the highest amongst all IDPs. The clashes erupted when rebel forces attacked Malakal on 17/18th of Feb and forced the population (170.000) to flee the key town in the oil rich Upper Nile state (some 550 km north of capital Juba). Hundreds were massacred,large parts of the city destroyed and looted. Since then the town changed hands six times between rebel and government forces. About 25.000 people managed to flee to the UNMISS compound were they found shelter. At the moment about 18.000 people live on the UNMISS compound in often unacceptable conditions. Lately the UN with the help of NGOs started to relocate those people most severly affected by up to knee deep water in highly congested areas of the camp to a newly constructed area of the camp. || Intense fighting broke out on 15th of December 2013 between soldiers loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to his former vice president, Riek Machar. The conflict soon took on an ethnic dimension, pitting South Sudan’s two largest groups, the Dinka and the Nuer, against each other. Mr. Kiir is a Dinka, while Mr. Machar is a Nuer. Fighting has killed thousands of people and driven more than 1.3 million from their homes. South Sudan can only avoid famine (up to 7 million endangered) if a shaky ceasefire holds and people displaced by more than five months of fighting are able to return home in the next few weeks to plant crops before the heavy rains set in.

South Sudan, Upper Nile state, Malakal, 31.05.2014, (c) DANIEL ROSENTHAL Conflict and humanitarian crisis in South Sudan. Refugees are queing at a waterpoint in section 4 of the camp. As the UNMISS base was never ment to function as a refugee camp, it is highly overcrowded and living conditions are unacceptable. The clashes erupted when rebel forces attacked Malakal on 17/18th of Feb and forced the population (170.000) to flee the key town in the oil rich Upper Nile state (some 550 km north of capital Juba). Hundreds were massacred,large parts of the city destroyed and looted. Since then the town changed hands six times between rebel and government forces. About 25.000 people managed to flee to the UNMISS compound were they found shelter. At the moment about 18.000 people live on the UNMISS compound in often unacceptable conditions. Lately the UN with the help of NGOs started to relocate those people most severly affected by up to knee deep water in highly congested areas of the camp to a newly constructed area of the camp. || Intense fighting broke out on 15th of December 2013 between soldiers loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to his former vice president, Riek Machar. The conflict soon took on an ethnic dimension, pitting South Sudan’s two largest groups, the Dinka and the Nuer, against each other. Mr. Kiir is a Dinka, while Mr. Machar is a Nuer. Fighting has killed thousands of people and driven more than 1.3 million from their homes. South Sudan can only avoid famine (up to 7 million endangered) if a shaky ceasefire holds and people displaced by more than five months of fighting are able to return home in the next few weeks to plant crops before the heavy rains set in.

South Sudan, Upper Nile state, Malakal, 30.05.2014, Conflict and humanitarian crisis in South Sudan. Women wade through muddy waters carrying their water jerrycans through the refuggee camp on the UN compound.

(c) DANIEL ROSENTHAL

South Sudan, Upper Nile state, Malakal, 30.05.2014, (c) DANIEL ROSENTHAL Conflict and humanitarian crisis in South Sudan. A young woman and her brother and sister watch out of their family tent surrounded by knee deep waters in section 4 of the camp. The NGO MSF (Medecins sans frontiers) described the living conditions as absolutely unacceptable, criticising the UN in strong wording and pointing out that a massive cholera outbreak is just steps away. The clashes erupted when rebel forces attacked Malakal on 17/18th of Feb and forced the population (170.000) to flee the key town in the oil rich Upper Nile state (some 550 km north of capital Juba). Hundreds were massacred,large parts of the city destroyed and looted. Since then the town changed hands six times between rebel and government forces. About 25.000 people managed to flee to the UNMISS compound were they found shelter. At the moment about 18.000 people live on the UNMISS compound in often unacceptable conditions. Lately the UN with the help of NGOs started to relocate those people most severly affected by up to knee deep water in highly congested areas of the camp to a newly constructed area of the camp. || Intense fighting broke out on 15th of December 2013 between soldiers loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to his former vice president, Riek Machar. The conflict soon took on an ethnic dimension, pitting South Sudan’s two largest groups, the Dinka and the Nuer, against each other. Mr. Kiir is a Dinka, while Mr. Machar is a Nuer. Fighting has killed thousands of people and driven more than 1.3 million from their homes. South Sudan can only avoid famine (up to 7 million endangered) if a shaky ceasefire holds and people displaced by more than five months of fighting are able to return home in the next few weeks to plant crops before the heavy rains set in.

South Sudan, Upper Nile state, Malakal, 30.05.2014, (c) DANIEL ROSENTHAL Conflict and humanitarian crisis in South Sudan. Destroyed and looted residential area in Malakal. The clashes erupted when rebel forces attacked Malakal on 17/18th of Feb and forced the population (170.000) to flee the key town in the oil rich Upper Nile state (some 550 km north of capital Juba). Hundreds were massacred,large parts of the city destroyed and looted. Since then the town changed hands six times between rebel and government forces. About 25.000 people managed to flee to the UNMISS compound were they found shelter. At the moment about 18.000 people live on the UNMISS compound in often unacceptable conditions. Lately the UN with the help of NGOs started to relocate those people most severly affected by up to knee deep water in highly congested areas of the camp to a newly constructed area of the camp. || Intense fighting broke out on 15th of December 2013 between soldiers loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to his former vice president, Riek Machar. The conflict soon took on an ethnic dimension, pitting South Sudan’s two largest groups, the Dinka and the Nuer, against each other. Mr. Kiir is a Dinka, while Mr. Machar is a Nuer. Fighting has killed thousands of people and driven more than 1.3 million from their homes. South Sudan can only avoid famine (up to 7 million endangered) if a shaky ceasefire holds and people displaced by more than five months of fighting are able to return home in the next few weeks to plant crops before the heavy rains set in.

South Sudan, Upper Nile state, Malakal, 30.05.2014, (c) DANIEL ROSENTHAL Conflict and humanitarian crisis in South Sudan. Human skulls and bones in a cardboard box in the courtyard of the looted and destroyed teaching hospital where more than a dozen patients were shot by the rebels in their hospital beds. The clashes erupted when rebel forces attacked Malakal on 17/18th of Feb and forced the population (170.000) to flee the key town in the oil rich Upper Nile state (some 550 km north of capital Juba). Hundreds were massacred,large parts of the city destroyed and looted. Since then the town changed hands six times between rebel and government forces. About 25.000 people managed to flee to the UNMISS compound were they found shelter. At the moment about 18.000 people live on the UNMISS compound in often unacceptable conditions. Lately the UN with the help of NGOs started to relocate those people most severly affected by up to knee deep water in highly congested areas of the camp to a newly constructed area of the camp. || Intense fighting broke out on 15th of December 2013 between soldiers loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to his former vice president, Riek Machar. The conflict soon took on an ethnic dimension, pitting South Sudan’s two largest groups, the Dinka and the Nuer, against each other. Mr. Kiir is a Dinka, while Mr. Machar is a Nuer. Fighting has killed thousands of people and driven more than 1.3 million from their homes. South Sudan can only avoid famine (up to 7 million endangered) if a shaky ceasefire holds and people displaced by more than five months of fighting are able to return home in the next few weeks to plant crops before the heavy rains set in.

South Sudan, Upper Nile state, Malakal, 30.05.2014, (c) DANIEL ROSENTHAL Conflict and humanitarian crisis in South Sudan. A mother and her son cry at 7 AM at the camps main gate, shortly after the return of the daughter that was abducted by a SPLA government soldier the evening before and most probably raped. While the men belonging to the tribe of the Nuer hardly leave the UNMISS base in fear of atrocities, its the women that have to take the risk in search for firewood and smallscale business outside the base. Incidents of abduction and rape of Nuer women by SPLA soldiers are reported to happen again and again. The clashes erupted when rebel forces attacked Malakal on 17/18th of Feb and forced the population (170.000) to flee the key town in the oil rich Upper Nile state (some 550 km north of capital Juba). Hundreds were massacred,large parts of the city destroyed and looted. Since then the town changed hands six times between rebel and government forces. About 25.000 people managed to flee to the UNMISS compound were they found shelter. At the moment about 18.000 people live on the UNMISS compound in often unacceptable conditions. Lately the UN with the help of NGOs started to relocate those people most severly affected by up to knee deep water in highly congested areas of the camp to a newly constructed area of the camp. || Intense fighting broke out on 15th of December 2013 between soldiers loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to his former vice president, Riek Machar. The conflict soon took on an ethnic dimension, pitting South Sudan’s two largest groups, the Dinka and the Nuer, against each other. Mr. Kiir is a Dinka, while Mr. Machar is a Nuer. Fighting has killed thousands of people and driven more than 1.3 million from their homes. South Sudan can only avoid famine (up to 7 million endangered) if a shaky ceasefire holds and people displaced by more than five months of fighting are able to return home in the next few weeks to plant crops before

South Sudan, Upper Nile state, Malakal, 01.06.2014, (c) DANIEL ROSENTHAL Conflict and humanitarian crisis in South Sudan. Mr. Dor who lost his leg and arm due to gunshots during the rebel attack on Malakal gets treated at the MSF clinic in the camp. The clashes erupted when rebel forces attacked Malakal on 17/18th of Feb and forced the population (170.000) to flee the key town in the oil rich Upper Nile state (some 550 km north of capital Juba). Hundreds were massacred,large parts of the city destroyed and looted. Since then the town changed hands six times between rebel and government forces. About 25.000 people managed to flee to the UNMISS compound were they found shelter. At the moment about 18.000 people live on the UNMISS compound in often unacceptable conditions. Lately the UN with the help of NGOs started to relocate those people most severly affected by up to knee deep water in highly congested areas of the camp to a newly constructed area of the camp. || Intense fighting broke out on 15th of December 2013 between soldiers loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to his former vice president, Riek Machar. The conflict soon took on an ethnic dimension, pitting South Sudan’s two largest groups, the Dinka and the Nuer, against each other. Mr. Kiir is a Dinka, while Mr. Machar is a Nuer. Fighting has killed thousands of people and driven more than 1.3 million from their homes. South Sudan can only avoid famine (up to 7 million endangered) if a shaky ceasefire holds and people displaced by more than five months of fighting are able to return home in the next few weeks to plant crops before the heavy rains set in.

South Sudan, Upper Nile state, Malakal, 30.05.2014, (c) DANIEL ROSENTHAL Conflict and humanitarian crisis in South Sudan. Cattle tries to graze at the outside wall of the UNMISS base next to a sewage ditch. The clashes erupted when rebel forces attacked Malakal on 17/18th of Feb and forced the population (170.000) to flee the key town in the oil rich Upper Nile state (some 550 km north of capital Juba). Hundreds were massacred,large parts of the city destroyed and looted. Since then the town changed hands six times between rebel and government forces. About 25.000 people managed to flee to the UNMISS compound were they found shelter. At the moment about 18.000 people live on the UNMISS compound in often unacceptable conditions. Lately the UN with the help of NGOs started to relocate those people most severly affected by up to knee deep water in highly congested areas of the camp to a newly constructed area of the camp. || Intense fighting broke out on 15th of December 2013 between soldiers loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to his former vice president, Riek Machar. The conflict soon took on an ethnic dimension, pitting South Sudan’s two largest groups, the Dinka and the Nuer, against each other. Mr. Kiir is a Dinka, while Mr. Machar is a Nuer. Fighting has killed thousands of people and driven more than 1.3 million from their homes. South Sudan can only avoid famine (up to 7 million endangered) if a shaky ceasefire holds and people displaced by more than five months of fighting are able to return home in the next few weeks to plant crops before the heavy rains set in.

South Sudan, Central Equatoria, Juba, 28.05.2014, (c) DANIEL ROSENTHAL Conflict and humanitarian crisis in South Sudan. Three boys of the Nuer tribe (long scares on the forehead) listen to the radio to gather information about the current situation in their hometown up north. Most of the Nuer IDPs dont dare to leave the camp in fear of atrocities by the Dinka tribe. Tonping UNMISS base and refugee camp shelters 14.500 - mostly Nuer IDPs. Living conditions in the UN camp are poor and were criticised in harsh words by the NGO MSF (Medecins sans frontiers). || Intense fighting broke out on 15th of December 2013 between soldiers loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to his former vice president, Riek Machar. The conflict soon took on an ethnic dimension, pitting South Sudan’s two largest groups, the Dinka and the Nuer, against each other. Mr. Kiir is a Dinka, while Mr. Machar is a Nuer. Fighting has killed thousands of people and driven more than 1.3 million from their homes. South Sudan can only avoid famine (up to 7 million endangered) if a shaky ceasefire holds and people displaced by more than five months of fighting are able to return home in the next few weeks to plant crops before the heavy rains set in.

South Sudan, Central Equatoria, Juba, 04.06.2014, (c) DANIEL ROSENTHAL Conflict and humanitarian crisis in South Sudan. A man passes by in front of a billboard advertising the planned Juba Dream Hotel. Construction came to a halt when the crisis started. || Intense fighting broke out on 15th of December 2013 between soldiers loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to his former vice president, Riek Machar. The conflict soon took on an ethnic dimension, pitting South Sudan’s two largest groups, the Dinka and the Nuer, against each other. Mr. Kiir is a Dinka, while Mr. Machar is a Nuer. Fighting has killed thousands of people and driven more than 1.3 million from their homes. South Sudan can only avoid famine (up to 7 million endangered) if a shaky ceasefire holds and people displaced by more than five months of fighting are able to return home in the next few weeks to plant crops before the heavy rains set in.

South Sudan, Malakal, 3.9.2014, (c) DANIEL ROSENTHAL An IDP in the refugee camp of malakal. Dutch Minister Lilianne Ploumen visits South Sudan to assess the current situation in the country in order to overthink the Dutch financial support. Dutch Minister Lilianne Ploumen (born July 12, 1962 in Maastricht) is a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA). She has been Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation in the second Rutte cabinet since November 5, 2012.

South Sudan, Upper Nile state, Malakal, 01.06.2014, (c) DANIEL ROSENTHAL Conflict and humanitarian crisis in South Sudan. Religious service in the camp. The churches play an important role trying to reconciliate the people and brokering a peace deal. The clashes erupted when rebel forces attacked Malakal on 17/18th of Feb and forced the population (170.000) to flee the key town in the oil rich Upper Nile state (some 550 km north of capital Juba). Hundreds were massacred,large parts of the city destroyed and looted. Since then the town changed hands six times between rebel and government forces. About 25.000 people managed to flee to the UNMISS compound were they found shelter. At the moment about 18.000 people live on the UNMISS compound in often unacceptable conditions. Lately the UN with the help of NGOs started to relocate those people most severly affected by up to knee deep water in highly congested areas of the camp to a newly constructed area of the camp. || Intense fighting broke out on 15th of December 2013 between soldiers loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to his former vice president, Riek Machar. The conflict soon took on an ethnic dimension, pitting South Sudan’s two largest groups, the Dinka and the Nuer, against each other. Mr. Kiir is a Dinka, while Mr. Machar is a Nuer. Fighting has killed thousands of people and driven more than 1.3 million from their homes. South Sudan can only avoid famine (up to 7 million endangered) if a shaky ceasefire holds and people displaced by more than five months of fighting are able to return home in the next few weeks to plant crops before the heavy rains set in.

South Sudan, Upper Nile state, Malakal, 29.05.2014, (c) DANIEL ROSENTHAL Conflict and humanitarian crisis in South Sudan. A boy with a Lionel Messi jersey stands at the sideline and watches a football game between IDPs and UNMISS personel. IDPs won 3:1. The clashes erupted when rebel forces attacked Malakal on 17/18th of Feb and forced the population (170.000) to flee the key town in the oil rich Upper Nile state (some 550 km north of capital Juba). Hundreds were massacred,large parts of the city destroyed and looted. Since then the town changed hands six times between rebel and government forces. About 25.000 people managed to flee to the UNMISS compound were they found shelter. At the moment about 18.000 people live on the UNMISS compound in often unacceptable conditions. Lately the UN with the help of NGOs started to relocate those people most severly affected by up to knee deep water in highly congested areas of the camp to a newly constructed area of the camp. || Intense fighting broke out on 15th of December 2013 between soldiers loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to his former vice president, Riek Machar. The conflict soon took on an ethnic dimension, pitting South Sudan’s two largest groups, the Dinka and the Nuer, against each other. Mr. Kiir is a Dinka, while Mr. Machar is a Nuer. Fighting has killed thousands of people and driven more than 1.3 million from their homes. South Sudan can only avoid famine (up to 7 million endangered) if a shaky ceasefire holds and people displaced by more than five months of fighting are able to return home in the next few weeks to plant crops before the heavy rains set in.